answer:В медицине для полного осмотра пациента с бронхиальной астмой используется подход, включающий субъективное и объективное обследование. **Субъективное обследование** включает в себя анамнез, в котором у пациента собирается информация о его жалобах, истории болезни, стиле жизни и прочее. Это вопросы, на которые пациент отвечает сам, основываясь на своих ощущениях и наблюдениях: 1. Жалобы (чем беспокоит пациент): - Частота и интенсивность приступов одышки. - Свистящее дыхание при выдохе. - Кашель, особенно ночью или ранним утром. - Ощущение сдавленности или боли в груди. - Трудности с глубоким дыханием. 2. Анамнез заболевания: - Время возникновения первых симптомов. - Приступы связаны ли с физической нагрузкой, аллергическими реакциями, погодными условиями и так далее. - Использование медикаментов (бронходилататоры, ингаляционные стероиды) и их эффективность. 3. Анамнез жизни: - Наличие хронических заболеваний. - Профессиональные вредности, курение, аллергены в быту. - Семейный анамнез (наличие астмы или атопических заболеваний у близких родственников). **Объективное обследование** включает в себя медицинский осмотр и диагностические тесты, проведенные врачом или медицинским персоналом для оценки физического состояния пациента: 1. Физикальное обследование (ощупывание, перкуссия, аускультация): - Оценка частоты и ритма дыхания. - Прослушивание легких для обнаружения свистящих или хриплых дыхательных звуков. - Оценка наличия длительного выдыхания, что типично для обструкции дыхательных путей. - Проверка на наличие симптомов гиперинфляции (утолщение грудной клетки). 2. Диагностические тесты: - Спирометрия для оценки объемов и скоростей воздушного потока при дыхании. - Пикфлоуметрия для измерения максимальной скорости выдоха. - Пульсоксиметрия для измерения уровня насыщения крови кислородом. - Возможно, аллергологические тесты для определения аллергенов, способствующих астматическим приступам. - Рентгенография грудной клетки для исключения других причин симптомов, а также для оценки степени гиперинфляции легких. Информация, полученная в результате субъективного и объективного обследования, позволяет врачу поставить диагноз и разработать план лечения и управления бронхиальной астмой.

answer:Creating a requirement specification document is a formal process that involves outlining every functional and technical detail that the software must adhere to. Unfortunately, it's not possible to provide a full requirements specification document without thorough knowledge about the specific use cases, constraints, and system requirements that your application has. Nonetheless, I can create a simplified example of how a requirements document for the `ecc_verify_hash_raw` function from libtomcrypt might look. Please note that tracing requirements through comments in the source code is generally done during the code review or QA process, and is not typically part of the requirements document itself. However, I can show how one might comment code to demonstrate compliance with each requirement. I may not be able to access and comment on the actual libtomcrypt source code since it's quite extensive, but I can illustrate the idea with generic comments. Here's a simplified high-level example of a requirements spec document for the `ecc_verify_hash_raw` function. Following it, I will show how each requirement can be referenced in the source code comments. --- **ECC_VERIFY_HASH_RAW FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT** 1. **Purpose** - R1: The `ecc_verify_hash_raw` function shall verify an ECC signature in raw format against a provided hash value using the specified ECC key. 2. **Inputs** - R2: The function accepts a raw public ECC key (`pubkey`), the hash of the data to verify (`hash`), and a signature in raw format (`sig_r` and `sig_s`). - R3: The hash input shall have been previously calculated using a secure hash algorithm appropriate for the ECC key's size. 3. **Outputs** - R4: The function shall return a result indicating whether the signature is valid (`CRYPT_OK`) or not valid (`CRYPT_ERROR`). 4. **Error Handling** - R5: If the inputs are invalid or inconsistent, the function shall return an error code that indicates the type of failure. - R6: The function shall perform all necessary validation checks to ensure the ECC key is suitable for signature verification. 5. **Performance** - R7: The function shall perform the verification process within a reasonable time frame, appropriate for the computational complexity of ECC verification. 6. **Security** - R8: The function shall treat all input data as untrusted and perform appropriate checks to prevent buffer overflows, memory leaks, or other vulnerabilities. 7. **Dependencies** - R9: The function shall depend only on other components and functions within the libtomcrypt library that are stable and secure. 8. **Compliance** - R10: The implementation of the `ecc_verify_hash_raw` function shall comply with relevant cryptographic standards such as SEC1 and ANSI X9.62. --- **Example Source Code Commenting for Requirement Tracing:** ```c // Include necessary header files #include "tomcrypt.h" // ecc_verify_hash_raw function implementation int ecc_verify_hash_raw( /* Function arguments */ // ... (code) ... ) { // R9: Using stable and secure internal functions from libtomcrypt // (Comment explaining the function call and any checks for requirements) // R2: Validate that 'pubkey' is a proper ECC public key // R6: Ensuring 'pubkey' is suitable for verification // ... (code to validate pubkey) ... // R3: Validate that 'hash' is the appropriate length // ... (code to validate hash length) ... // R8: Perform checks on inputs to prevent vulnerabilities // ... (code to sanitize and check inputs) ... // R2: Input 'sig_r' and 'sig_s' are processed // ... (code to process raw signatures) ... // R4, R5: Check if signature matches the hash provided // ... (code that does the signature verification) ... if ( /* Signature matches */ ) { // R4: If signature is valid, return CRYPT_OK return CRYPT_OK; } else { // R4, R5: If signature is invalid, return CRYPT_ERROR return CRYPT_ERROR; } // R5, R7: Handle exception cases and ensure reasonable execution time // ... (code to handle exceptions and performance concerns) ... // R8: Final checks and cleanup if necessary // ... (cleanup code) ... } ``` The above comments are a sample of what you might find in a source code audit where each code section is thoroughly examined for how it satisfies the documented requirements (R1 to R10). Each requirement (e.g., R1, R2) is matched with the code block that ensures that requirement is met. Keep in mind that requirement tracing at this granularity level should be done during code review or quality assurance processes, paired with a detailed study of the specific library's implementation.

answer:`ecc_verify_hash_raw()` is related to the cryptographic verification process found in libraries such as libtomcrypt, which implements ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) algorithms. ECC is a type of public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. The `ecc_verify_hash_raw()` function in particular is used to verify that a given digital signature is valid for a given hash, using a public key. Here's a simplified explanation of the mathematical process involved in signature verification when using ECC (note that the specifics could vary slightly depending on the exact algorithm used, such as ECDSA or others): 1. **Setup**: Ensure that the public key ( Q ), the signature ( (r, s) ), and the hash ( e ) of the original data are correctly formatted and within the expected ranges. The public key ( Q ) should be a point on the elliptic curve, and ( (r, s) ) are the two components of the signature, usually integers in the interval [1, n-1], where ( n ) is the order of the curve. 2. **Verification Algorithm**: The common steps in most ECC signature verification algorithms, such as ECDSA, go as follows: a. **Hash to Integer**: Convert the hash of the data ( e ) into an integer, often by treating it as a large binary number. b. **Compute Inverse**: Calculate the multiplicative inverse of ( s ) in the field, denote it as ( s^{-1} ). c. **Calculate u and v**: Compute two separate coefficients, ( u ) and ( v ), by performing the following operations: - ( u = e cdot s^{-1} mod n ) - ( v = r cdot s^{-1} mod n ) Here ( n ) is again the order of the curve. c. **Compute a New Point**: Calculate a new point ( (x_1, y_1) ) on the curve by multiplying ( u ) with the generator point ( G ) and ( v ) with the public key point ( Q ), and then adding these two points together: - ( P = uG + vQ ) d. **Signature Validity**: The signature is valid if the x-coordinate of ( P ) is congruent to ( r ) modulo ( n ). This means: - If ( P neq O ) (the point at infinity, meaning the calculation resulted in a valid point on the curve), and - The x-coordinate of ( P ), called ( x_1 ), satisfies ( x_1 mod n = r ), then the signature is considered valid. If any of these conditions do not hold, the signature is invalid. The security of this verification process relies on the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem, which is the foundation of ECC security. When implementing a function like `ecc_verify_hash_raw()`, it usually invokes lower-level mathematical operations that handle the elliptic curve arithmetic, such as point addition and scalar multiplication (the point ( P ) calculations in our steps). Given the nuance and exactness required in cryptographic routines, subtle flaws can lead to vulnerabilities, which is why these functions are part of carefully audited cryptographic libraries. It's crucial that such functions are used correctly and data such as keys are properly protected. Additionally, ECC parameters (like the curve being used) are crucial and should be chosen according to well-accepted standards and recommendations.

answer:Sure, I'll be happy to help you translate something to English. Please provide the text or phrase you would like to have translated.